Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins are potent neurotoxins produced by several marine dinoflagellates. The accumulation of these toxins in wild and cultured shellfish during "red tide" episodes can have serious economic and public health repercussions in affected coastal regions. Freshwater cyanobacteria are also known to produce the same toxins and deaths of wildlife and domestic animals following the ingestion of contaminated water have been widely reported. PSP toxins are tetrahydropurine derivatives based on the parent compound, saxitoxin (STX), and can be divided into three classes: carbamate, N-sulfocarbamoyl and decarbamoyl toxins. Over 20 structural analogs have been identified. The toxicity of STX is attributed to the reversible blockage of voltage-activated sodium channels on excitable cells. The various PSP toxins have different toxicities, with the carbamate toxins being the most toxic and the N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins being the least toxic. The great variety of closely related toxin structures and the varying toxicities present significant challenges to the analytical chemist interested in developing a method for their detection and quantitation. Functional assays such as the standard mouse assay, cytotoxicity assays, and receptor assays are very useful for measuring the overall toxicity of a sample, while immunoassay methods offer the potential for very rapid and inexpensive screening of samples. However, none of these assay methods provide detailed information on the toxin profile in samples. The most widely used analysis method is ion-pair LC using reversed phase columns coupled with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection. Typically the method requires three separate runs for the analysis all the toxins. In this paper we will present a new analysis method that allows the determination of all PSP toxins in one single run. It is based on the use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. Application to real plankton and shellfish samples will be demonstrated.
An LC-MS Method for PSP Toxins / Dell'Aversano, Carmela; P., Hess; M., Quilliam. - (2000). (Intervento presentato al convegno 4th Toxic Shellfish Workshop. Maine Departement for Marine Resources tenutosi a Booth Bay Harbor, Maine, USA nel 18-19/10/2000).
An LC-MS Method for PSP Toxins
DELL'AVERSANO, CARMELA;
2000
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins are potent neurotoxins produced by several marine dinoflagellates. The accumulation of these toxins in wild and cultured shellfish during "red tide" episodes can have serious economic and public health repercussions in affected coastal regions. Freshwater cyanobacteria are also known to produce the same toxins and deaths of wildlife and domestic animals following the ingestion of contaminated water have been widely reported. PSP toxins are tetrahydropurine derivatives based on the parent compound, saxitoxin (STX), and can be divided into three classes: carbamate, N-sulfocarbamoyl and decarbamoyl toxins. Over 20 structural analogs have been identified. The toxicity of STX is attributed to the reversible blockage of voltage-activated sodium channels on excitable cells. The various PSP toxins have different toxicities, with the carbamate toxins being the most toxic and the N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins being the least toxic. The great variety of closely related toxin structures and the varying toxicities present significant challenges to the analytical chemist interested in developing a method for their detection and quantitation. Functional assays such as the standard mouse assay, cytotoxicity assays, and receptor assays are very useful for measuring the overall toxicity of a sample, while immunoassay methods offer the potential for very rapid and inexpensive screening of samples. However, none of these assay methods provide detailed information on the toxin profile in samples. The most widely used analysis method is ion-pair LC using reversed phase columns coupled with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection. Typically the method requires three separate runs for the analysis all the toxins. In this paper we will present a new analysis method that allows the determination of all PSP toxins in one single run. It is based on the use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. Application to real plankton and shellfish samples will be demonstrated.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
