The role of socialization agents in the construction of sexual identities: Family, school and media

The present research analyses the current state of Sexuality Education (S.E.) in Europe, particularly focusing on the Italian context. In the first phase, an analysis of the European historical and socio-cultural context is realized, highlighting the fragmentation of educational policies and the absence of structured programs. In particular, in Italy a national regulatory framework is lacking, and local initiatives prevail. The second phase includes an empirical investigation of the sources of information used by young people about topics related to sexuality, the role of the media and the perception of school-based sexuality education, conducted through a web-based survey to a sample of Italian youth aged between 15 and 29. The results of the investigation point out how youth mainly rely on digital content and cultural products which, although sometimes perceived as useful, often convey stereotypical representations of sexuality and relationships. The findings evidence and underline the urgency of implementing inclusive and systematic educational interventions within the school context, identified by young people as the most suitable place to address informational needs. Therefore, holistic Sexuality Education arises as a fundamental resource in order to promote greater awareness, to prevent gender and sexual orientation prejudices, as well as discrimination and violence.