Disasters. The Physical and Cultural Shaping of Naples

This chapter analyses the way in which environmental, climatic and biological disasters have influenced the social and economic development of Naples and shaped its urban form over the centuries, from the late Middle Ages to the present day. Due to its demographic size, its characteristic overpopulation and its geographical position, Naples was particularly exposed to major natural hazards, which often had a severe impact on its inhabitants and its built environment. The chapter examines the consequences of major epidemic waves, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and floods, in terms of their impact on demographic and economic processes and on beliefs, rituals and collective behaviour. At the same time, an analysis over a multi-century timescale sheds light on the role of local and state institutions, religious and secular bodies and important social forces in coping with emergencies resulting from major disasters and in creating mechanisms for damage prevention and mitigation.