An enriched kinematic formulation for masonry walls with a damage-plastic model

This paper presents a kinematic enriched finite element model for the nonlinear analysis of brick masonry walls loaded in their plane. The model correctly accounts for the mortar-brick interaction in the direction of the thickness of the wall. Nonlocal nonlinear constitutive laws are considered both for mortar and bricks, adopting a damagefriction law for the mortar and an isotropic damage model for the bricks, both based on tensile failure mechanisms. In particular, a new two-dimensional four-node finite element, properly accounting for the three-dimensional state of strain and stress in the masonry wall, is developed and implemented in the finite element code FEAP. An experimental masonry panel, acting as a deep beam under vertical load, is analyzed to point out the effectiveness of the proposed model and the implemented finite element numerical procedure