Dall’anagrafica dell’edilizia scolastica alla valutazione degli interventi di riqualificazione: alcuni casi di studio nella Città Metropolitana di Napoli

The contribution to be presented summarizes the objectives of a research in progress, on behalf of the Metropolitan City of Naples, on the school building heritage in order to evaluate the actions to be taken, starting from the knowledge and analysis of the recurring types. The latter can be traced back to the main periods of impulse to the school building sector, for which the real estate assets currently in use have characteristics of constructive familiarity that can be attributed to a few main reference models, all the more simplified due to the intrinsic modularity of buildings for school use. The database of school buildings prepared by the former Province of Naples, the current Metropolitan City, is the starting point of the research as it provides the state of the art of the Neapolitan school heritage: address, property, surface, volume, period of construction plant, period of structural adjustment. In particular, in this territory, the schools were classified in seven periods: before 1919, from 1920 to 1945, from 1946 to 1972, from 1972 to 1984, from 1984 to 1996, from 1996 to 2008, from 2008 to today. Overall, from a functional point of view, the school buildings purposes were considered attributable to these categories: historical, early twentieth century, post-war, financed by Falcucci law, post Falcucci law. In recent decades, no innovation has been introduced in the functional distribution of schools, but only recently have been introduced educational information systems that, until now, have not led to architectural innovation, but only technological, with the consequent increase in energy costs. The authors will present the most critical, especially energetic, problems and, consequently, the foreseeable interventions for each recurrent building type, with reference to some school buildings of the Metropolitan City of Naples, identified as exemplary case studies of their design, functional and construction typologies.