Breast milk butyrate as protective factor against food allergy

Conflicting evidences suggest a role for breast milk as pro- tective factor against food allergy. The major short chain fatty acids, butyrate produced by gut microbiota exerts positive effect on immune system. We aimed to see whether butyrate concen- tration in human milk is able to prevent food allergy in an animal model of cow milk allergy. Mature breast milk butyrate concentration from 40 healthy women (aged 21–42 yrs) was assessed by gas chromatography. 4- Week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized by oral route with -lactoglobulin (BLG, 20 mg) plus cholera toxin (CT, 10 g) as an adjuvant in the presence or absence of butyrate. Acute aller- gic skin response,anaphylactic symptom score, body temperature, intestinal permeability, anti-BLG IgE, IL-4 and IL-10 production were assessed soon after oral challenge. Mean butyrate concen- tration in breast milk was 0.75 mM (SD ± 0.15). Based on this concentration a daily dose of 30 mg/kg body weight was calculated. The same butyrate concentration was able to significantly prevent acute allergic skin response, anaphylactic symptom score, body temperature decrease, intestinal permeability increase, anti-BLG IgE, IL-4 and IL-10 production in CMA animal model (p < .05). Our data suggest a pivotal role for butyrate as an effective human milk component in food allergy prevention.