Modelling building energy communities: design of district energy flexibility strategies in micro-grids

This study presents a novel modelling and optimization approach of renewable energy communities, focusing on the design of energy flexibility strategies. A comprehensive simulation platform is designed to support multi-domain and multi-disciplinary analyses and maximize renewable energy usage through demand flexibility measures. The model developed is based on the use of detailed building energy modelling tools coupled with a grid dispatching model in co-simulation mode. The goal is to develop a comprehensive modelling framework for the integration of distributed RES-based energy systems and flexibility strategies such as battery storage or demand-response in energy communities (neighbouring, industrial areas, etc.). The framework considers the energy demand and supply of the community, the availability of renewable energy sources, and the power grid constraints to optimize both the energy system and the community energy flexibility oriented to energy and cost savings. The proposed approach is validated through proof-of-concept simulations, demonstrating the potential for significant improvements in energy efficiency and cost savings. A sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the impact of different energy flexibility strategies on renewable energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency rates. In addition, the study demonstrates how different utilities tariff schemes may influence flexibility engagement.