Macroalgae biorefinery and its role in achieving a circular economy

Availability of fossil fuels and feedstocks is a major problem currently faced by a variety of sectors thus highlighting the importance of transitioning towards a circular economy. Increased pollution, fossil fuel availability and other adverse effects are just some of the reasons that have prompted a need to find additional resources for fuel. One such feedstock that has shown to be both promising and viable is macroalgae. This chapter focuses on the latest scientific literature related to the development of macroalgae biorefineries, focusing on the different biological processes and how the resulting generated bioproducts can positively impact the global bioeconomy. The fundamental biological processes are explained while also providing details on specific problems the sector currently faces. Potential areas of further development and recent scientific discoveries of a variety of macroalgal species are also discussed.