On the Role of Negative Feedback in Physiological Systems

The study of physiological systems often involves the modeling of complex interactions and feedback mechanisms critical for maintaining homeostasis. This paper introduces a general dynamical model structure for multivariable physiological control systems, emphasizing intrinsic negative feedback. Unlike traditional control frameworks that rely on explicit reference signals, comparators, and controllers, the proposed model embeds feedback dynamics into its structure, better reflecting biological regulatory processes. A case study involving a tumor-immune interaction model highlights the framework's utility, demonstrating the existence and stability of a homeostatic equilibrium point.