Circular strategies for increasing sustainability in Mediterranean greenhouses

The escalating global population necessitates a significant increase in food production while minimizing environmental impacts. In contrast to northwestern Europe where greenhouse systems are often closed and highly automated, the Mediterranean may benefit from a different approach due to its unique economic and environmental conditions. According to the principle of sustainable intensification, Mediterranean greenhouses could adjust to semi-open systems through moderate intensification focused on adaptation of smart technologies and global improvements that integrate principles of circular economy. This would involve recycling waste materials as agricultural inputs or for use in bio-based industries, thereby enhancing resource efficiency. Investing in innovative waste management, renewable energy sources, and developing predictive cost-benefit models are crucial steps toward this transformation. This paper delves into the circular strategies that could be employed in Mediterranean greenhouses to enhance sustainability. It explores the water and carbon footprints of vegetable production, emphasizing the importance of resource use efficiency (RUE) and sustainable intensification methods. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of these strategies in promoting a circular economy within the agricultural sector. Circular strategies in Mediterranean greenhouses offer a model for sustainable intensification. Investing in water availability, renewable energy, and waste management can turn challenges into opportunities for sustainable growth. Interdisciplinary approaches integrating agronomy, and engineering are crucial for addressing these challenges. Sustainability offers significant benefits, including enhanced revenues, marketing advantages, and consumer trust. Certification is essential for demonstrating commitments to sustainability. Emphasizing the natural aspects of Mediterranean greenhouse horticulture can strengthen eco-labels and enhance market competitiveness.