Current applications and future perspectives of extended reality in radiology

: Extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), hold transformative potential for radiology. This review examines the current applications, benefits, limitations, and future prospects of XR in radiology, with a focus on education, diagnostics, interventional procedures, and patient interaction. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified relevant publications from 1992 to 2024. Key studies were selected for detailed discussion. XR technologies enhance radiology education by offering immersive learning experiences that improve the proficiency and confidence of professionals. In diagnostics, XR improves the accuracy and efficiency of ultrasound and CT imaging and aids in precise patient positioning. For interventional radiology, XR provides valuable tools for training and real-time procedural planning, leading to better patient outcomes. Additionally, XR improves patient-doctor interactions, reducing anxiety and enhancing the consent process. Despite challenges such as high costs, technical limitations, and the need for extensive clinical validation, the potential benefits of XR underscore its value as a significant tool in radiology. Addressing these challenges will be essential for the widespread adoption and integration of XR in radiology, ensuring its potential benefits are fully realized. This review highlights the transformative impact of XR technologies on radiology, emphasizing the need for further research and development to harness their full capabilities and improve patient care.