Observation and Exploration of the Sky in Primary School: Spatial Thinking and Measuring Distances and Angles for developing Geometric Skills

Spatial thinking, a central focus of our research endeavour, is intricately connected to inherent cognitive abilities that manifest early in human development. Young children exhibit an early capacity to process and relate spatial information about objects, shapes, distances, and positions. The structured approach to astronomical observations holds significant potential for enriching our comprehension of Earth's position in the Universe and fostering the development of spatial thinking and geometry. Our educational program, tailored for 9- year-old students, integrates astronomical observations conducted through unaided visual inspection and purpose-designed instruments employing readily available materials. The activities are centred on luminous phenomena, the optics of vision, the genesis and geometric principles of shadows, the computation and measurement of remote objects, and the examination of the sky. Activities immerse the students in a pedagogical experience that empowers them to adeptly delve into concepts of plane geometry, commencing with a foundational comprehension of space.