Road construction materials lab characterization and BIM application for heritage conservation: The case study of via del Foro in Pompeii archaeological site

This research presents a detailed investigation of the materials used in the construction of the roads of the ancient city of Pompeii, focusing in particular on the paving of the Via del Foro. Through excavation and laboratory analysis, the study aims to characterize the granular composition and mechanical properties of these materials. Excavation revealed stratigraphic layers composed of various materials, including limestone, volcanic rock, and ceramic fragments. Samples collected from these layers underwent comprehensive laboratory testing, including grading, shape index, flakiness index, water absorption, Los Angeles abrasion, and durability assessments. The results indicate variations in particle size distribution, shape characteristics, water absorption capacities, resistance to fragmentation, and durability among the samples. Furthermore, the study uses Building Information Modeling (BIM) to digitally reconstruct the excavation site and simulate excavation phases, illustrating the potential of BIM in archaeological conservation efforts. These findings provide valuable insights into ancient Roman road construction techniques, material selection practices, and preservation strategies, linking archaeology, engineering, and digital technologies to enhance our understanding and management of cultural heritage sites.