Brief ischemia is tolerated by cardiac myocytes, but it determines immediate metabolic changes and block of contraction. Prompt restoration of coronary blood flow is inexorably associated with a slow recovery of myocardial contractile function. The prolonged, postischemic contractile dysfunction in the viable tissue is called myocardial stunning. The molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial stunning and ischemia-reperfusion injury are still poorly understood. Their elucidation would be valuable in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We examined human left ventricular samples taken from 20 patients undergoing elective valve surgery before aortic cross-clamping, 20 +/- 2 min (brief ischemia), 58 +/- 5 min after the cross-clamping period (prolonged ischemia), and 21 +/- 4 min after reconstitution of coronary blood flow (reperfusion). Stress kinases and DNA damage sensor proteins (ATM, H2AX, p53) were determined by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Electron microscopy analysis was carried out on ischemic and reperfused samples. ATP content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cytochrome oxidase activity were determined by biochemical assays. RESULTS: Ischemia caused accumulation of ROS, reduction of cytochrome C oxidase and ATP, and activation of stress kinases p38 and Jun terminal kinase. Electron microscopy showed significant mitochondrial swelling in the majority of cells, but no appreciable apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. During ischemia, myocytes were intensely stained by TUNEL, and many cells showed proliferative cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei. Finally, we found in ischemic tissues increased p53/p21(WAF) levels and phosphorylation of histone H2AX, a substrate of ATM kinase, which marks double-strand DNA breaks. Reperfusion caused a robust extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation, a marked reduction of TUNEL staining, and persistent activation of ATM checkpoint.
Transient and reversible deoxyribonucleic acid damage in human left ventricle under controlled ischemia and reperfusion / Corbucci, G. G.; Perrino, Cinzia; Donato, G.; Ricchi, A.; Lettieri, B.; Troncone, Giancarlo; Indolfi, C.; Chiariello, M.; Avvedimento, VITTORIO ENRICO. - In: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY. - ISSN 0735-1097. - STAMPA. - 43:11(2004), pp. 1992-1999. [10.1016/j.jacc.2004.01.040]
Transient and reversible deoxyribonucleic acid damage in human left ventricle under controlled ischemia and reperfusion.
PERRINO, CINZIA;TRONCONE, GIANCARLO;AVVEDIMENTO, VITTORIO ENRICO
2004
Abstract
Brief ischemia is tolerated by cardiac myocytes, but it determines immediate metabolic changes and block of contraction. Prompt restoration of coronary blood flow is inexorably associated with a slow recovery of myocardial contractile function. The prolonged, postischemic contractile dysfunction in the viable tissue is called myocardial stunning. The molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial stunning and ischemia-reperfusion injury are still poorly understood. Their elucidation would be valuable in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We examined human left ventricular samples taken from 20 patients undergoing elective valve surgery before aortic cross-clamping, 20 +/- 2 min (brief ischemia), 58 +/- 5 min after the cross-clamping period (prolonged ischemia), and 21 +/- 4 min after reconstitution of coronary blood flow (reperfusion). Stress kinases and DNA damage sensor proteins (ATM, H2AX, p53) were determined by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Electron microscopy analysis was carried out on ischemic and reperfused samples. ATP content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cytochrome oxidase activity were determined by biochemical assays. RESULTS: Ischemia caused accumulation of ROS, reduction of cytochrome C oxidase and ATP, and activation of stress kinases p38 and Jun terminal kinase. Electron microscopy showed significant mitochondrial swelling in the majority of cells, but no appreciable apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. During ischemia, myocytes were intensely stained by TUNEL, and many cells showed proliferative cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei. Finally, we found in ischemic tissues increased p53/p21(WAF) levels and phosphorylation of histone H2AX, a substrate of ATM kinase, which marks double-strand DNA breaks. Reperfusion caused a robust extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation, a marked reduction of TUNEL staining, and persistent activation of ATM checkpoint.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
