Hysteroscopic resection of the septum improves the pregnancy rate of women with unexplained infertility: a prospective controlled trial.

To assess fecundity of infertile women after surgical correction of uterine septum. DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Three academic infertility clinics. PATIENT(S): Forty-four women affected by septate uterus and otherwise unexplained infertility represented the study group (group A), and 132 women with unexplained infertility were enrolled as control subjects (group B). INTERVENTION(S): Hysteroscopic metroplasty was performed in group A, and group B was managed expectantly. All women were followed-up for 1 year without any other intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Fecundity rate was calculated as the number of pregnancies per 100 person-months. RESULT(S): Pregnancy rate (38.6% vs. 20.4%) and live birth rate (34.1% and 18.9%) were significantly higher in group A than in group B. The survival analysis showed that the probability of a pregnancy in the twelve-months follow up was significantly higher in patients who had undergone metroplasty than in women with unexplained infertility. The corresponding fecundity (10-week pregnancy) rates were 4.27 and 1.92 person-months in women who had undergone metroplasty and in women with unexplained infertility, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Hysteroscopic resection of the septum improves fecundity of women with septate uterus and otherwise unexplained infertility. Patients with septate uterus and no other cause of sterility have a significantly higher probability of conceiving after removal of the septum than patients affected by idiopathic sterility.