Variable impact on mortality of AIDS-defining events diagnosed during combination antiretroviral therapy: not all AIDS-defining conditions are created equal.

Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration Mocroft, A; Sterne, Ja; Egger, M; May, M; Grabar, S; Furrer, H; Sabin, C; Fatkenheuer, G; Justice, A; Reiss, P; d'Arminio Monforte, A; Gill, J; Hogg, R; Bonnet, F; Kitahata, M; Staszewski, S; Casabona, J; Harris, R; Saag, M; Casabona, J; Chêne, G; Costagliola, D; Dabis, F; D'Arminio Monforte, A; de Wolf, F; Egger, M; Fatkenheuer, G; Gill, J; Hogg, R; Justice, A; Kitahata, M; Ledergerber, B; Mocroft, A; Phillips, A; Reiss, P; Saag, M; Sabin, C; Staszewski, S; Weller, I; May, M; Harris, R; Sterne, J; Abgrall, S; Barin, F; Bentata, M; Billaud, E; Boué, F; Burty, C; Cabié, A; Cotte, L; De Truchis, P; Duval, X; Duvivier, C; Enel, P; Fredouille Heripret, L; Gasnault, J; Gaud, C; Gilquin, J; Grabar, S; Katlama, C; Khuong, Ma; Lang, Jm; Lascaux, As; Launay, O; Mahamat, A; Mary Krause, M; Matheron, S; Meynard, Jl; Pavie, J; Pialoux, G; Pilorgé, F; Poizot Martin, I; Pradier, C; Reynes, J; Rouveix, E; Simon, A; Tattevin, P; Tissot Dupont, H; Viard, Jp; Viget, N; Pariente Khayat, A; Salomon, V; Jacquemet, N; Rivet, A; Guiguet, M; Kousignian, I; Lanoy, E; Lièvre, L; Potard, V; Selinger Leneman, H; Bouvet, E; Crickx, B; Ecobichon, Jl; Leport, C; Picard Dahan, C; Yeni, P; Tisne Dessus, D; Weiss, L; Salmon, D; Sicard, D; Auperin, I; Roudière, L; Fior, R; Delfraissy, Jf; Goujard, C; Jung, C; Lesprit, P; Desplanque, N; Meyohas, Mc; Picard, O; Cadranel, J; Mayaud, C; Bricaire, F; Herson, S; Clauvel, Jp; Decazes, Jm; Gerard, L; Molina, Jm; Diemer, M; Sellier, P; Berthé, H; Dupont, C; Chandemerle, C; Mortier, E; Honoré, P; Jeantils, V; Tassi, S; Mechali, D; Taverne, B; Gourdon, F; Laurichesse, H; Fresard, A; Lucht, F; Eglinger, P; Faller, Jp; Bazin, C; Verdon, R; Boibieux, A; Peyramond, D; Livrozet, Jm; Touraine, Jl; Trepo, C; Ravaux, I; Delmont, Jp; Moreau, J; Gastaut, Ja; Retornaz, F; Soubeyrand, J; Allegre, T; Blanc, Pa; Galinier, A; Ruiz, Jm; Lepeu, G; Granet Brunello, P; Esterni, Jp; Pelissier, L; Cohen Valensi, R; Nezri, M; Chadapaud, S; Laffeuillade, A; May, T; Rabaud, C; Raffi, F; Arvieux, C; Michelet, C; Borsa Lebas, F; Caron, F; Fraisse, P; Rey, D; Arlet Suau, E; Cuzin, L; Massip, P; Thiercelin Legrand MF,; Yasdanpanah, Y; Pradinaud, R; Sobesky, M; Contant, M; Montroni, M; Scalise, G; Braschi, Mc; Riva, A; Tirelli, U; Martellotta, F; Pastore, G; Ladisa, N; Suter, F; Arici, C; Chiodo, F; Colangeli, V; Fiorini, C; Carosi, G; Cristini, G; Torti, C; Minardi, C; Bertelli, D; Quirino, T; Manconi, Pe; Piano, P; Cosco, L; Scerbo, A; Vecchiet, J; D'Alessandro, M; Santoro, D; Pusterla, L; Carnevale, G; Lorenzotti, S; Viganò, P; Mena, M; Ghinelli, F; Sighinolfi, L; Leoncini, F; Mazzotta, F; Pozzi, M; Lo Caputo, S; Grisorio, B; Ferrara, S; Grima, P; Grima, Pf; Pagano, G; Cassola, G; Alessandrini, A; Piscopo, R; Toti, M; Trezzi, M; Soscia, F; Tacconi, L; Orani, A; Perini, P; Scasso, A; Vincenti, A; Chiodera, F; Castelli, P; Scalzini, A; Palvarini, L; Moroni, M; Lazzarin, A; Rizzardini, G; Caggese, L; Cicconi, P; Galli, A; Merli, S; Pastecchia, C; Moioli, Mc; Esposito, R; Mussini, C; Abrescia, N; Chirianni, A; Izzo, Cm; Piazza, M; De Marco, M; Viglietti, R; Manzillo, E; Nappa, Salvatore; Colomba, A; Abbadessa, V; Prestileo, T; Mancuso, S; Ferrari, C; Pizzaferri, P; Filice, G; Minoli, L; Bruno, R; Novati, S; Baldelli, F; Camanni, G; Petrelli, E; Cioppi, A; Alberici, F; Ruggieri, A; Menichetti, F; Martinelli, C; De Stefano, C; La Gala, A; Ballardini, G; Rizzo, E; Magnani, G; Ursitti, Ma; Arlotti, M; Ortolani, P; Cauda, R; Dianzani, F; Ippolito, G; Antinori, A; Antonucci, G; Ciardi, M; Narciso, P; Petrosillo, N; Vullo, V; De Luca, A; Zaccarelli, M; Acinapura, R; De Longis, P; Trotta, Mp; Noto, P; Lichtner, M; Capobianchi, Mr; Carletti, F; Girardi, E; Pezzotti, P; Rezza, G; Mura, Ms; Mannazzu, M; Caramello, P; Di Perri, G; Orofino, Gc; Sciandra, M; Grossi, Pa; Basilico, C; Poggio, A; Bottari, G; Raise, E; Ebo, F; Pellizzer, G; Buonfrate, D; Resta, F; Loso, K; Cozzi Lepri, A; Battegay, M; Bernasconi, E; Böni, J; Bucher, H; Bürgisser, P; Cattacin, S; Cavassini, M; Dubs, R; Elzi, L; Erb, P; Fischer, M; Flepp, M; Fontana, A; Francioli, P; Furrer, H; Gorgievski, M; Günthard, H; Hirsch, H; Hirschel, B; Hösli, I; Kahlert, C; Kaiser, L; Karrer, U; Kind, C; Klimkait, T; Martinetti, G; Martinez, B; Müller, N; Nadal, D; Opravil, M; Paccaud, F; Pantaleo, G; Rickenbach, M; Rudin, C; Schmid, P; Schultze, D; Schüpbach, J; Speck, R; Taffé, P; Tarr, P; Telenti, A; Trkola, A; Vernazza, P; Weber, R; Yerly, S; Gras, La; van Sighem AI,; Smit, C; Bronsveld, W; Hillebrand Haverkort ME,; Prins, Jm; Branger, J; Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK,; Gisolf, J; Godfried, Mh; Lange, Jm; Lettinga, Kd; van der Meer JT,; Nellen, Fj; van der Poll, T; Ruys, Ta; Steingrover, R; Vermeulen, Jn; Vrouenraets, Sm; van Vugt, M; Wit, Fw; Kuijpers, Tw; Pajkrt, D; Scherpbier, Hj; van Eeden, A; Brinkman, K; van den Berk GE,; Blok, Wl; Frissen, Ph; Roos, Jc; Schouten, We; Mulder, Jw; van Gorp EC,; Wagenaar, J; Veenstra, J; Danner, Sa; Van Agtmael MA,; Claessen, Fa; Perenboom, Rm; Rijkeboer, A; van Vonderen MG,; Richter, C; van der Berg, J; Vriesendorp, R; Jeurissen, Fj; Kauffmann, Rh; Pogány, K; Bravenboer, B; ten Napel CH,; Kootstra, Gj; Sprenger, Hg; van Assen, S; van Leeuwen JT,; Doedens, R; Scholvinck, Eh; ten Kate RW,; Soetekouw, R; van Houte, D; Polée, Mb; Kroon, Fp; van den Broek PJ,; van Dissel JT,; Schippers, Ef; Schreij, G; van der Geest, S; Lowe, S; Verbon, A; Koopmans, Pp; Van Crevel, R; de Groot, R; Keuter, M; Post, F; van der Ven AJ,; Warris, A; van der Ende ME,; Gyssens, Ic; van der Feltz, M; Nouwen, Jl; Rijnders, Bj; de Vries TE,; Driessen, G; van der Flier, M; Hartwig, Ng; Juttman, Jr; van Kasteren ME,; Van de Heul, C; Hoepelman, Im; Schneider, Mm; Bonten, Mj; Borleffs, Jc; Ellerbroek, Pm; Jaspers, Ca; Mudrikove, T; Schurink, Ca; Gisolf, Eh; Geelen, Sp; Wolfs, Tf; Faber, T; Tanis, Aa; Groeneveld, Ph; den Hollander JG,; Duits, Aj; Winkel, K; Back, Nk; Bakker, Me; Berkhout, B; Jurriaans, S; Zaaijer, Hl; Cuijpers, T; Rietra, Pj; Roozendaal, Kj; Pauw, W; van Zanten AP,; Smits, Ph; von Blomberg BM,; Savelkoul, P; Pettersson, A; Swanink, Cm; Franck, Pf; Lampe, As; Jansen, Cl; Hendriks, R; Benne, Ca; Veenendaal, D; Storm, H; Weel, J; van Zeijl JH,; Kroes, Ac; Claas, Hc; Bruggeman, Ca; Goossens, Vj; Galama, Jm; Melchers, Wj; Poort, Ya; Doornum, Gj; Niesters, Mg; Osterhaus, Ad; Schutten, M; Buiting, Ag; Swaans, Ca; Boucher, Ca; Schuurman, R; Boel, E; Jansz, Af; Veldkamp, A; Beijnen, Jh; Huitema, Ad; Burger, Dm; Hugen, Pw; van Kan HJ,; Losso, M; Duran, A; Vetter, N; Karpov, I; Vassilenko, A; Mitsura, Vm; Suetnov, O; Clumeck, N; De Wit, S; Poll, B; Colebunders, R; Kostov, K; Begovac, J; Machala, L; Rozsypal, H; Sedlacek, D; Nielsen, J; Lundgren, J; Benfield, T; Kirk, O; Gerstoft, J; Katzenstein, T; Hansen, Ab; Skinhøj, P; Pedersen, C; Oestergaard, L; Zilmer, K; Ristola, M; Girard, Pm; Vanhems, P; Rockstroh, J; Schmidt, R; van Lunzen, J; Degen, O; Stellbrink, Hj; Bogner, J; Kosmidis, J; Gargalianos, P; Xylomenos, G; Perdios, J; Panos, G; Filandras, A; Karabatsaki, E; Sambattakou, H; Banhegyi, D; Mulcahy, F; Yust, I; Turner, D; Burke, M; Pollack, S; Hassoun, G; Maayan, S; Chiesi, A; Mazeu, I; Pristera, R; Gabbuti, A; Montesarchio, E; Gargiulo, M; Iacomi, F; Vlassi, C; Finazzi, R; Galli, M; Ridolfo, A; Rozentale, B; Aldins, P; Chaplinskas, S; Hemmer, R; Staub, T; Bruun, J; Maeland, A; Ormaasen, V; Knysz, B; Gasiorowski, J; Horban, A; Prokopowicz, D; Wiercinska Drapalo, A; Boron Kaczmarska, A; Pynka, M; Beniowski, M; Mularska, E; Trocha, H; Antunes, F; Valadas, E; Mansinho, K; Maltez, F; Duiculescu, D; Rakhmanova, A; Vinogradova, E; Buzunova, S; Jevtovic, D; Mokrás, M; Staneková, D; González Lahoz, J; Soriano, V; Martin Carbonero, L; Labarga, P; Clotet, B; Jou, A; Conejero, J; Tural, C; Gatell, Jm; Miró, Jm; Domingo, P; Gutierrez, M; Mateo, G; Sambeat, Ma; Karlsson, A; Persson, Po; Flamholc, L; Boffi, E; Kravchenko, E; Chentsova, N; Barton, S; Johnson, Am; Mercey, D; Johnson, Ma; Murphy, M; Weber, J; Scullard, G; Fisher, M; Brettle, R; Gatell, J; Gazzard, B; Friis Møller, N; Bannister, W; Ellefson, M; Borch, A; Podlekareva, D; Holkmann Olsen, C; Kjaer, J; Peters, L; Reekie, J; Raffanti, S; Dieterch, D; Becker, S; Scarsella, A; Fusco, G; Most, B; Balu, R; Rana, R; Beckerman, R; Ising, T; Fusco, J; Irek, R; Johnson, B; Hirani, A; Dejesus, E; Pierone, G; Lackey, P; Irek, C; Johnson, A; Burdick, J; Leon, S; Arch, J; Helm, Eb; Carlebach, A; Müller, A; Haberl, A; Nisius, G; Lennemann, T; Stephan, C; Bickel, M; Mösch, M; Gute, P; Locher, L; Lutz, T; Klauke, S; Knecht, G; Khaykin, P; Doerr, Hw; Stürmer, M; Babacan, E; von Hentig, N; Beylot, J; Dupon, M; Longy Boursier, M; Pellegrin, Jl; Ragnaud, Jm; Salamon, R; Thiébaut, R; Lewden, C; Lawson Ayayi, S; Dupon, M; Mercié, P; Moreau, Jf; Morlat, P; Bernard, N; Lacoste, D; Malvy, D; Neau, D; Blaizeau, Mj; Decoin, M; Delveaux, S; Hannapier, C; Labarrère, S; Lavignolle Aurillac, V; Uwamaliya Nziyumvira, B; Palmer, G; Touchard, D; Balestre, E; Alioum, A; Jacqmin Gadda, H; Bonarek, M; Bonnet, F; Coadou, B; Gellie, P; Nouts, C; Bocquentin, F; Dutronc, H; Lafarie, S; Aslan, A; Pistonne, T; Thibaut, P; Vatan, R; Chambon, D; De La Taille, C; Cazorla, C; Ocho, A; Viallard, Jf; Caubet, O; Cipriano, C; Lazaro, E; Couzigou, P; Castera, L; Fleury, H; Lafon, Me; Masquelier, B; Pellegrin, I; Breilh, D; Blanco, P; Loste, P; Caunègre, L; Bonnal, F; Farbos, S; Ferrand, M; Ceccaldi, J; Tchamgoué, S; De Witte, S; Buy, E; Alexander, C; Barrios, R; Braitstein, P; Brumme, Z; Chan, K; Cote, H; Gataric, N; Geller, J; Guillemi, S; Harrigan, Pr; Harris, M; Joy, R; Levy, A; Montaner, J; Montessori, V; Palepu, A; Phillips, E; Phillips, P; Press, N; Tyndall, M; Wood, E; Yip, B; Bhagani, S; Breen, R; Byrne, P; Carroll, A; Cuthbertson, Z; Dunleavy, A; Geretti, Am; Heelan, B; Johnson, M; Kinloch de Loes, S; Lipman, M; Madge, S; Marshall, N; Nair, D; Nebbia, G; Prinz, B; Shah, S; Swader, L; Tyrer, M; Youle, M; Chaloner, C; Grabowska, H; Holloway, J; Puradiredja, J; Ransom, D; Tsintas, R; Bansi, L; Fox, Z; Harris, E; Hill, T; Lampe, F; Lodwick, R; Smith, C; Amoah, E; Booth, C; Clewley, G; Garcia Diaz, A; Gregory, B; Janossy, G; Labbett, W; Thomas, M; Read, R; Krentz, H; Beckthold, B; Schmeisser, N; Alquézar, A; Esteve, A; Podzamczer, D; Murillas, J; Romero, A; Agustí, C; Agüero, F; Ferrer, E; Riera, M; Segura, F; Navarro, G; Force, L; Vilaró, J; Masabeu, A; García, I; Guadarrama, M; Montoliu, A; Ortega, N; Lazzari, E; Puchol, E; Sanchez, M; Blanco, Jl; Garcia Alcaide, F; Martinez, E; Mallolas, J; López Dieguez, M; García Goez JF,; Sirera, G; Romeu, J; Negredo, E; Miranda, C; Capitan, Mc; Olmo, M; Barragan, P; Saumoy, M; Bolao, F; Cabellos, C; Peña, C; Sala, M; Cervantes, M; Jose Amengual, M; Navarro, M; Penelo, E; Barrufet, P; Raper, Jl; Mugavero, Mj; Willig, Jh; Schumacher, J; Chang, Pw; Westfall, Ao; Cloud, G; Lin, Hy; Acosta, Ep; Colette Kempf, M; Allison, Jj; Pisu, M.

Abstract Background—The extent to which mortality differs following individual acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining events (ADEs) has not been assessed among patients initiating combination antiretroviral therapy. Methods—We analyzed data from 31,620 patients with no prior ADEs who started combination antiretroviral therapy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios for each ADE that occurred in >50 patients, after stratification by cohort and adjustment for sex, HIV transmission group, number of anti-retroviral drugs initiated, regimen, age, date of starting combination antiretroviral therapy, and CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA load at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. ADEs that occurred in <50 patients were grouped together to form a “rare ADEs” category. Results—During a median follow-up period of 43 months (interquartile range, 19–70 months), 2880 ADEs were diagnosed in 2262 patients; 1146 patients died. The most common ADEs were esophageal candidiasis (in 360 patients), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (320 patients), and Kaposi sarcoma (308 patients). The greatest mortality hazard ratio was associated with non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (hazard ratio, 17.59; 95% confidence interval, 13.84–22.35) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (hazard ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 6.70–14.92). Three groups of ADEs were identified on the basis of the ranked hazard ratios with bootstrapped confidence intervals: severe (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy [hazard ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 5.55–9.48]), moderate (cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, AIDS dementia complex, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex, and rare ADEs [hazard ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–3.13]), and mild (all other ADEs [hazard ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.00]). Conclusions—In the combination antiretroviral therapy era, mortality rates subsequent to an ADE depend on the specific diagnosis. The proposed classification of ADEs may be useful in clinical end point trials, prognostic studies, and patient management.

Variable impact on mortality of AIDS-defining events diagnosed during combination antiretroviral therapy: not all AIDS-defining conditions are created equal / Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration Mocroft, A; Sterne, Ja; Egger, M; May, M; Grabar, S; Furrer, H; Sabin, C; Fatkenheuer, G; Justice, A; Reiss, P; d'Arminio Monforte, A; Gill, J; Hogg, R; Bonnet, F; Kitahata, M; Staszewski, S; Casabona, J; Harris, R; Saag, M; Casabona, J; Chêne, G; Costagliola, D; Dabis, F; D'Arminio Monforte, A; de Wolf, F; Egger, M; Fatkenheuer, G; Gill, J; Hogg, R; Justice, A; Kitahata, M; Ledergerber, B; Mocroft, A; Phillips, A; Reiss, P; Saag, M; Sabin, C; Staszewski, S; Weller, I; May, M; Harris, R; Sterne, J; Abgrall, S; Barin, F; Bentata, M; Billaud, E; Boué, F; Burty, C; Cabié, A; Cotte, L; De Truchis, P; Duval, X; Duvivier, C; Enel, P; Fredouille Heripret, L; Gasnault, J; Gaud, C; Gilquin, J; Grabar, S; Katlama, C; Khuong, Ma; Lang, Jm; Lascaux, As; Launay, O; Mahamat, A; Mary Krause, M; Matheron, S; Meynard, Jl; Pavie, J; Pialoux, G; Pilorgé, F; Poizot Martin, I; Pradier, C; Reynes, J; Rouveix, E; Simon, A; Tattevin, P; Tissot Dupont, H; Viard, Jp; Viget, N; Pariente Khayat, A; Salomon, V; Jacquemet, N; Rivet, A; Guiguet, M; Kousignian, I; Lanoy, E; Lièvre, L; Potard, V; Selinger Leneman, H; Bouvet, E; Crickx, B; Ecobichon, Jl; Leport, C; Picard Dahan, C; Yeni, P; Tisne Dessus, D; Weiss, L; Salmon, D; Sicard, D; Auperin, I; Roudière, L; Fior, R; Delfraissy, Jf; Goujard, C; Jung, C; Lesprit, P; Desplanque, N; Meyohas, Mc; Picard, O; Cadranel, J; Mayaud, C; Bricaire, F; Herson, S; Clauvel, Jp; Decazes, Jm; Gerard, L; Molina, Jm; Diemer, M; Sellier, P; Berthé, H; Dupont, C; Chandemerle, C; Mortier, E; Honoré, P; Jeantils, V; Tassi, S; Mechali, D; Taverne, B; Gourdon, F; Laurichesse, H; Fresard, A; Lucht, F; Eglinger, P; Faller, Jp; Bazin, C; Verdon, R; Boibieux, A; Peyramond, D; Livrozet, Jm; Touraine, Jl; Trepo, C; Ravaux, I; Delmont, Jp; Moreau, J; Gastaut, Ja; Retornaz, F; Soubeyrand, J; Allegre, T; Blanc, Pa; Galinier, A; Ruiz, Jm; Lepeu, G; Granet Brunello, P; Esterni, Jp; Pelissier, L; Cohen Valensi, R; Nezri, M; Chadapaud, S; Laffeuillade, A; May, T; Rabaud, C; Raffi, F; Arvieux, C; Michelet, C; Borsa Lebas, F; Caron, F; Fraisse, P; Rey, D; Arlet Suau, E; Cuzin, L; Massip, P; Thiercelin Legrand, Mf; Yasdanpanah, Y; Pradinaud, R; Sobesky, M; Contant, M; Montroni, M; Scalise, G; Braschi, Mc; Riva, A; Tirelli, U; Martellotta, F; Pastore, G; Ladisa, N; Suter, F; Arici, C; Chiodo, F; Colangeli, V; Fiorini, C; Carosi, G; Cristini, G; Torti, C; Minardi, C; Bertelli, D; Quirino, T; Manconi, Pe; Piano, P; Cosco, L; Scerbo, A; Vecchiet, J; D'Alessandro, M; Santoro, D; Pusterla, L; Carnevale, G; Lorenzotti, S; Viganò, P; Mena, M; Ghinelli, F; Sighinolfi, L; Leoncini, F; Mazzotta, F; Pozzi, M; Lo Caputo, S; Grisorio, B; Ferrara, S; Grima, P; Grima, Pf; Pagano, G; Cassola, G; Alessandrini, A; Piscopo, R; Toti, M; Trezzi, M; Soscia, F; Tacconi, L; Orani, A; Perini, P; Scasso, A; Vincenti, A; Chiodera, F; Castelli, P; Scalzini, A; Palvarini, L; Moroni, M; Lazzarin, A; Rizzardini, G; Caggese, L; Cicconi, P; Galli, A; Merli, S; Pastecchia, C; Moioli, Mc; Esposito, R; Mussini, C; Abrescia, N; Chirianni, A; Izzo, Cm; Piazza, M; De Marco, M; Viglietti, R; Manzillo, E; Nappa, Salvatore; Colomba, A; Abbadessa, V; Prestileo, T; Mancuso, S; Ferrari, C; Pizzaferri, P; Filice, G; Minoli, L; Bruno, R; Novati, S; Baldelli, F; Camanni, G; Petrelli, E; Cioppi, A; Alberici, F; Ruggieri, A; Menichetti, F; Martinelli, C; De Stefano, C; La Gala, A; Ballardini, G; Rizzo, E; Magnani, G; Ursitti, Ma; Arlotti, M; Ortolani, P; Cauda, R; Dianzani, F; Ippolito, G; Antinori, A; Antonucci, G; Ciardi, M; Narciso, P; Petrosillo, N; Vullo, V; De Luca, A; Zaccarelli, M; Acinapura, R; De Longis, P; Trotta, Mp; Noto, P; Lichtner, M; Capobianchi, Mr; Carletti, F; Girardi, E; Pezzotti, P; Rezza, G; Mura, Ms; Mannazzu, M; Caramello, P; Di Perri, G; Orofino, Gc; Sciandra, M; Grossi, Pa; Basilico, C; Poggio, A; Bottari, G; Raise, E; Ebo, F; Pellizzer, G; Buonfrate, D; Resta, F; Loso, K; Cozzi Lepri, A; Battegay, M; Bernasconi, E; Böni, J; Bucher, H; Bürgisser, P; Cattacin, S; Cavassini, M; Dubs, R; Elzi, L; Erb, P; Fischer, M; Flepp, M; Fontana, A; Francioli, P; Furrer, H; Gorgievski, M; Günthard, H; Hirsch, H; Hirschel, B; Hösli, I; Kahlert, C; Kaiser, L; Karrer, U; Kind, C; Klimkait, T; Martinetti, G; Martinez, B; Müller, N; Nadal, D; Opravil, M; Paccaud, F; Pantaleo, G; Rickenbach, M; Rudin, C; Schmid, P; Schultze, D; Schüpbach, J; Speck, R; Taffé, P; Tarr, P; Telenti, A; Trkola, A; Vernazza, P; Weber, R; Yerly, S; Gras, La; van Sighem, Ai; Smit, C; Bronsveld, W; Hillebrand Haverkort, Me; Prins, Jm; Branger, J; Eeftinck Schattenkerk, Jk; Gisolf, J; Godfried, Mh; Lange, Jm; Lettinga, Kd; van der Meer, Jt; Nellen, Fj; van der Poll, T; Ruys, Ta; Steingrover, R; Vermeulen, Jn; Vrouenraets, Sm; van Vugt, M; Wit, Fw; Kuijpers, Tw; Pajkrt, D; Scherpbier, Hj; van Eeden, A; Brinkman, K; 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Colette Kempf, M; Allison, Jj; Pisu, M.. - In: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES. - ISSN 1058-4838. - STAMPA. - 48:8(2009), pp. 1138-1151.