Sorcin induces a drug-resistant phenotype in human colorectal cancer through the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.

The Ca(2+)-binding protein sorcin regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis and plays a role in the induction of drug resistance in human cancers. Recently, an 18 kDa mitochondrial isoform of sorcin was reported to participate in antiapoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC), but information remains lacking about the functional role of the more abundant 22 kDa isoform of sorcin expressed in CRC. We found the 22 kDa isoform to be widely expressed in human CRC cells, whether or not they were drug resistant. Its upregulation in drug-sensitive cells induced resistance to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, whereas its downregulation sensitized CRC cells to these chemotherapeutic agents. Sorcin enhances the accumulation of Ca(2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), preventing ER stress, and, in support of this function, we found that the 22 kDa isoform of sorcin was upregulated under conditions of ER stress. In contrast, RNAi-mediated silencing of sorcin activated caspase-3, caspase-12, and GRP78/BiP, triggering apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Our findings establish that CRC cells overexpress sorcin as an adaptive mechanism to prevent ER stress and escape apoptosis triggered by chemotherapeutic agents, prompting its further investigation as a novel molecular target to overcome MDR.