Major questions are whether mothers infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmit the virus through breast milk and the magnitude of the additional transmission risk. The demonstration of a dose-response effect is an epidemiological method to demonstrate causality. Thus, a study was carried out by the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children on 961 children of known infection status. Duration of breast-feeding was considered as the level of exposure in 168 ever breast-fed children. Results showed that duration of practice significantly increased the risk of transmission. The adjusted infection odds ratio for one day of breast- versus exclusive formula-feeding was 1.19 with narrow confidence limits (1.10-1.28). In a second study by the Register on 556 children of known infection status and derived prospectively, an infection odds ratio of 2.55 (confidence interval: 1.03-6.37) was calculated in breast- versus exclusively formula-fed children. Several lines of evidence, including the above-mentioned data from the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, showed a contribution of breast-feeding to mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Thus, this practice is now discouraged in HIV-1 infected mothers living in industrialized societies where formula feeding is practical and attainable. Mode of feeding was known in 2183 children enrolled in the Register and born to HIV-1 infected mothers since 1981. It could be observed that feeding habits of at-risk infants changed in Italy in the middle 1980s, when a large majority of subjects was identified at birth.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and breast milk. The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children / M., de Martino; P. A., Tovo; L., Galli; C., Gabiano; G., Caramia; D., De Mattia; U., De Santis; M., Ruggeri; Mg, Zaniboni; M., Masi; G., Dell'Erba; P., Dallacasa; F., Baldi; M., Eisenstecken; A., Soresina; E., Bresciani; G., Quarta; C., Dessi; A., Corrias; F., Chiappe; P., Ibba; F., Di Gregorio; A., Sciotto; L., Tarallo; F., Lauria; M., Sticca; R., Berrino; P., Lusardi; P., Cocchi; A., Vierucci; D., Basetti; E., Boeri; S., Risso; Gl, Forni; U., Tondo; E., Micheletti; G., Gambaretto; A., Meo; M., Clerici Schoeller; La, Magni; P., Marchisio; Gv, Zuccotti; L., Simoni; A., Giovanniello; G., Ferraris; R., Altobelli; Pl, Mazzoni; M., Cellini; F., Ciccimarra; L., Esposito; Guarino, Alfredo; G., Bona; S., Giordano; C., Giaquinto; V., Portelli; G., Benaglia; Di, Caselli; G., Busti; R., Consolini; MT D., Fiore; C., Magnani; Mt, Cecchi; P., Falconieri; A., Martino; M., Stegagno; S., Livadiotti; C., Timpano; S., Bionda; S., Tulisso; A., Mazza; A., De Manzini; A., Pellegatta. - In: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - ISSN 0803-5253. - STAMPA. - 400:(1994), pp. 51-58.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and breast milk. The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children.
GUARINO, ALFREDO;
1994
Abstract
Major questions are whether mothers infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmit the virus through breast milk and the magnitude of the additional transmission risk. The demonstration of a dose-response effect is an epidemiological method to demonstrate causality. Thus, a study was carried out by the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children on 961 children of known infection status. Duration of breast-feeding was considered as the level of exposure in 168 ever breast-fed children. Results showed that duration of practice significantly increased the risk of transmission. The adjusted infection odds ratio for one day of breast- versus exclusive formula-feeding was 1.19 with narrow confidence limits (1.10-1.28). In a second study by the Register on 556 children of known infection status and derived prospectively, an infection odds ratio of 2.55 (confidence interval: 1.03-6.37) was calculated in breast- versus exclusively formula-fed children. Several lines of evidence, including the above-mentioned data from the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, showed a contribution of breast-feeding to mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Thus, this practice is now discouraged in HIV-1 infected mothers living in industrialized societies where formula feeding is practical and attainable. Mode of feeding was known in 2183 children enrolled in the Register and born to HIV-1 infected mothers since 1981. It could be observed that feeding habits of at-risk infants changed in Italy in the middle 1980s, when a large majority of subjects was identified at birth.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
