Attuali orientamenti nel trattamento dell’ipospadia

Hypospadias is the most common malformation of the penis. Sometimes it fits into the overall scheme of disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD), field difficult, especially if the genital ambiguity is serious. Several genetic and environmental factors have been studied as determinants in the etiopathogenesis of the malformation. In the international literature more than 300 surgical techniques adopted for hypospadias correction can be found. In distal hypospadias, the TIPU repair according to Snodgrass is the preferred technique. In proximal hypospadias the use of flaps or buccal and lingual graft are most commonly adopted. Modern microsurgical instrumentation, micro-sutures, materials for the dressing such as the recent use of glue based on cyanoacrylate have improved clinical outcomes and reduced the incidence of post-operative complications. The future perspective is based on the use of tissue engineering and stem cell technology as a promising therapeutic resource for the reconstruction of urethral tissue.