Postprandial lipemia, diet, and cardiovascular risk

Recently published studies have provided additional evidence of the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of postprandial dyslipidemia. Notably, the relationship with cardiovascular risk has been considerably strengthened by two large prospective studies showing an independent role for nonfasting plasma triglycerides. Knowledge of the genetic influence has been expanded by the identification of new gene variants associated with postprandial lipemia. More data have confirmed the strict relation between postprandial lipoprotein alterations and insulin resistance, whereas studies on the association with endothelial dysfunction have not been conclusive. Recent medium-term intervention studies have mainly evaluated the different dietary fatty acids and compared diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with diets rich in carbohydrates. Results indicate that the diet generally recommended for cardiovascular prevention (ie, low in saturated fat, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, moderately rich in carbohydrates, and rich in fiber) may also correct postprandial lipid abnormalities.