Chemical composition and yield of rhizome biomass of Arundo donax L. grown for biorefinery in the Mediterranean environment

The contribution of the rhizome to productivity of fermentable sugars and the detailed composition of rhizomes were analyzed in three mature stands of Arundo donax L. cultivated in three locations of variable fertility in the South of Italy. Although the average yearly aboveground dry biomass and rhizome amount showed large and significant differences among sites, (15.3 and 2.6 Mg ha−1 year−1 of rhizomes in the most and less productive sites respectively), rhizomes of all sites had more than 30% of the dry matter (DM) as non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Sucrose and starch were the most abundant NSC but measurable amounts of glucose, fructose, galactose and of the valuable trisaccharide raffinose were also present. The amount of NSC in rhizomes affected their content of dry mater, and water extractives. The ash content also varied significantly among cultivation sites; the highest amount was recorded in rhizomes of the most productive site (Acerra). The abundance in cell wall components of rhizomes was similar to that of published values for the above ground biomass. The present results demonstrate that NSC content in rhizomes of mature stands is a conserved trait. Hence, rhizome biomass, thanks to its quantity and high fermentable sugars content, should be considered as a relevant fraction of the A. donax crop product whose utilization can increase the productivity and the environmental fingerprint of this crop, in view of its biomass utilization in biorefinery.