Integration EV vehicle and Net-Zero-Energy-Building

The aim of this work is the analysis of the energy, environmental and economic performance of Building Integrated flat-plate Photovoltaic and Thermal (BIPVT) collectors for residential application coupled to an electric energy storage system and an electric vehicle. The adopted BIPVT collectors simultaneously produce heat and electricity. The heat is used for space heating and domestic hot water purposes. The electricity is used to supply the electric devices of the building and the electric vehicle (EV), whereas the excess is stored into the energy storage system, in order to enhance the independency of the system from the public grid. The energy storage systems of the building and EV consist of lead-acid and lithium batteries[F1] , respectively. In addition, in this work, particular attention is paid to the hourly electric load of the electric vehicle, carefully evaluated, as well as the electrical load of the building. In particular, in order to simulate an electric load as realistic as possible, each floor of the simulated 3 floors-building has a different number of users and a different occupancy schedule. The investigated plant is designed to achieve a grid independent system, by saving a significant amount of energy and avoiding the use of the energy produced by the conventional fossil fuels. This also determines a noteworthy reduction of the CO2 and other pollutant emissions. This layout is dynamically simulated by using the TRNSYS software, by developing a suitable simulation model in order to predict system performances. Special attention is also paid to the design of proper control strategies, aiming at optimizing the exploitation of the solar energy for electricity and heating purposes. In addition, energy, economic and environmental performances are investigated by varying the main system parameters, in order to detect the optimal configuration. The simulation results show that the economic feasibility of the investigated case study, located in Naples (South Italy) is good, in fact this system allows one to reduce the electricity demand taken from the grid. The summer energy performance, in terms of electricity and domestic hot water production, is obviously better than the winter one, since such system is significantly affected by the solar radiation availability. Finally, a remarkable saving of CO2 emissions can be also achieved.