Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study / Roth, Gregory A; Mensah, George A; Johnson, Catherine O; Addolorato, Giovanni; Ammirati, Enrico; Baddour, Larry M; Barengo, Noël C; Beaton, Andrea Z; Benjamin, Emelia J; Benziger, Catherine P; Bonny, Aimé; Brauer, Michael; Brodmann, Marianne; Cahill, Thomas J; Carapetis, Jonathan; Catapano, Alberico L; Chugh, Sumeet S; Cooper, Leslie T; Coresh, Josef; Criqui, Michael; Decleene, Nicole; Eagle, Kim A; Emmons-Bell, Sophia; Feigin, Valery L; Fernández-Solà, Joaquim; Fowkes, Gerry; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Grundy, Scott M; Feng J, He; Howard, George; Frank, Hu; Inker, Lesley; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Koroshetz, Walter; Lavie, Carl; Lloyd-Jones, Donald; Hong S, Lu; Mirijello, Antonio; Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw; Mokdad, Ali; Moran, Andrew E; Muntner, Paul; Narula, Jagat; Neal, Bruce; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Moraes de Oliveira, Glaucia; Otto, Catherine; Owolabi, Mayowa; Pratt, Michael; Rajagopalan, Sanjay; Reitsma, Marissa; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P; Rigotti, Nancy; Rodgers, Anthony; Sable, Craig; Shakil, Saate; Sliwa-Hahnle, Karen; Stark, Benjamin; Sundström, Johan; Timpel, Patrick; Tleyjeh, Imad M; Valgimigli, Marco; Vos, Theo; Whelton, Paul K; Yacoub, Magdi; Zuhlke, Liesl; Murray, Christopher; Fuster, Valentin; Global, GBD-NHLBI-JACC; Burden, Of; Diseases, Cardiovascular; Group:, Writing; Gregory, A; George, Roth; Mensah, A; Catherine, O; Johnson, ; Giovanni, Addolorato; Enrico, Ammirati; Larry, M; Noel, Baddour; Barengo, C; Andrea, Beaton; Emelia, J; Catherine, Benjamin; Benziger, P; Aime, Bonny; Michael, Brauer; Marianne, Brodmann; Thomas, J; Jonathan, Cahill; Carapetis, R; Alberico, L; Catapano, ; Sumeet, Chugh; Leslie, T; Cooper, ; Josef, Coresh; Michael, H; Nicole, Criqui; Decleene, K; Kim, A; Eagle, ; Sophia, Emmons-Bell; Valery, L; Feigin, ; Joaquim, Fernández-Sola; Gerry, F; Fowkes, R; Emmanuela, Gakidou; Scott, M; Feng, Grundy; He, J; George, Howard; Frank, Hu; Lesley, Inker; Ganesan, Karthikeyan; Nicholas, J; Walter, Kassebaum; Koroshetz, J; Carl, Lavie; Donald, Lloyd-Jones; Hong, S; Lu, ; Antonio, Mirijello; Awoke, T; Ali, Misganaw; Mokdad, H; Andrew, E; Moran, ; Paul, Muntner; Jagat, Narula; Bruce, Neal; Mpiko, Ntsekhe; Gláucia, M; Oliveira, M; Catherine, M; Mayowa, Otto; Owolabi, O; Michael, Pratt; Sanjay, Rajagopalan; Marissa, B; Antonio, Reitsma; Luiz, P; Nancy, Ribeiro; Rigotti, A; Anthony, Rodgers; Craig, A; Saate, Sable; Shakil, S; Karen, Sliwa; Benjamin, A; Stark, ; Johan, Sundström; Patrick, Timpel; Imad, I; Tleyjeh, ; Marco, Valgimigli; Theo, Vos; Paul, K; Whelton, ; Magdi, Yacoub; Liesl, J; Zuhlke, ; Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari; Alireza, Abdi; Aidin, Abedi; Victor, Aboyans; Woldu, A; Abrha, ; Eman, Abu-Gharbieh; Abdelrahman, I; Abushouk, ; Dilaram, Acharya; Tim, Adair; Oladimeji, M; Adebayo, ; Zanfina, Ademi; Shailesh, M; Advani, ; Khashayar, Afshari; Ashkan, Afshin; Gina, Agarwal; Pradyumna, Agasthi; Sohail, Ahmad; Sepideh, Ahmadi; Muktar, B; Ahmed, ; Budi, Aji; Yonas, Akalu; Wuraola, Akande-Sholabi; Addis, Aklilu; Chisom, J; Akunna, ; Fares, Alahdab; Ayman, Al-Eyadhy; Khalid, F; Sheikh, Alhabib; Alif, M; Vahid, Alipour; Syed, M; Aljunid, ; François, Alla; Amir, Almasi-Hashiani; Sami, Almustanyir; Rajaa, M; Adeladza, Al-Raddadi; Amegah, K; Saeed, Amini; Arya, Aminorroaya; Hubert, Amu; Dickson, A; Amugsi, ; Robert, Ancuceanu; Deanna, Anderlini; Tudorel, Andrei; Liliana, Catalina; Andrei, ; Alireza, Ansari-Moghaddam; Zelalem, A; Ippazio, Anteneh; Antonazzo, Cosimo; Benny, Antony; Razique, Anwer; Lambert, T; Appiah, ; Jalal, Arabloo; Johan, Ärnlöv; Kurnia, D; Artanti, ; Zerihun, Ataro; Marcel, Ausloos; Leticia, Avila-Burgos; Asma, T; Mamaru, Awan; Awoke, A; Henok, T; Muluken, Ayele; Ayza, A; Samad, Azari; Darshan, B; B, ; Nafiseh, Baheiraei; Atif, A; Baig, ; Ahad, Bakhtiari; Maciej, Banach; Palash, C; Emerson, Banik; Baptista, A; Miguel, A; Barboza, ; Lingkan, Barua; Sanjay, Basu; Neeraj, Bedi; Yannick, Béjot; Derrick, A; Isabela, Bennett; Bensenor, M; Adam, E; 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[10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010]
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study
Roth, Gregory A; Mensah, George A; Johnson, Catherine O; Addolorato, Giovanni; Ammirati, Enrico; Baddour, Larry M; Barengo, Noël C; Beaton, Andrea Z; Benjamin, Emelia J; Benziger, Catherine P; Bonny, Aimé; Brauer, Michael; Brodmann, Marianne; Cahill, Thomas J; Carapetis, Jonathan; Catapano, Alberico L; Chugh, Sumeet S; Cooper, Leslie T; Coresh, Josef; Criqui, Michael; DeCleene, Nicole; Eagle, Kim A; Emmons-Bell, Sophia; Feigin, Valery L; Fernández-Solà, Joaquim; Fowkes, Gerry; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Grundy, Scott M; He, Feng J; Howard, George; Hu, Frank; Inker, Lesley; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Koroshetz, Walter; Lavie, Carl; Lloyd-Jones, Donald; Lu, Hong S; Mirijello, Antonio; Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw; Mokdad, Ali; Moran, Andrew E; Muntner, Paul; Narula, Jagat; Neal, Bruce; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Moraes de Oliveira, Glaucia; Otto, Catherine; Owolabi, Mayowa; Pratt, Michael; Rajagopalan, Sanjay; Reitsma, Marissa; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P; Rigotti, Nancy; Rodgers, Anthony; Sable, Craig; Shakil, Saate; Sliwa-Hahnle, Karen; Stark, Benjamin; Sundström, Johan; Timpel, Patrick; Tleyjeh, Imad M; Valgimigli, Marco; Vos, Theo; Whelton, Paul K; Yacoub, Magdi; Zuhlke, Liesl; Murray, Christopher; Fuster, Valentin; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global; Burden of; Cardiovascular Diseases; Writing Group:; Gregory A; Roth George; A Mensah; Catherine O; Johnson; Giovanni, Addolorato; Enrico, Ammirati; Larry M; Baddour Noel; C Barengo; Andrea, Beaton; Emelia J; Benjamin Catherine; P Benziger; Aime, Bonny; Michael, Brauer; Marianne, Brodmann; Thomas J; Cahill Jonathan; R Carapetis; Alberico L; Catapano; Sumeet, Chugh; Leslie T; Cooper; Josef, Coresh; Michael H; Criqui Nicole; K DeCleene; Kim A; Eagle; Sophia, Emmons-Bell; Valery L; Feigin; Joaquim, Fernández-Sola; F Gerry; R Fowkes; Emmanuela, Gakidou; Scott M; Grundy Feng; J He; George, Howard; Frank, Hu; Lesley, Inker; Ganesan, Karthikeyan; Nicholas J; Kassebaum Walter; J Koroshetz; Carl, Lavie; Donald, Lloyd-Jones; Hong S; Lu; Antonio, Mirijello; Awoke T; Misganaw Ali; H Mokdad; Andrew E; Moran; Paul, Muntner; Jagat, Narula; Bruce, Neal; Mpiko, Ntsekhe; Gláucia M; M Oliveira; Catherine M; Otto Mayowa; O Owolabi; Michael, Pratt; Sanjay, Rajagopalan; Marissa B; Reitsma Antonio; Luiz P; Ribeiro Nancy; A Rigotti; Anthony, Rodgers; Craig A; Sable Saate; S Shakil; Karen, Sliwa; Benjamin A; Stark; Johan, Sundström; Patrick, Timpel; Imad I; Tleyjeh; Marco, Valgimigli; Theo, Vos; Paul K; Whelton; Magdi, Yacoub; Liesl J; Zuhlke; Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari; Alireza, Abdi; Aidin, Abedi; Victor, Aboyans; Woldu A; Abrha; Eman, Abu-Gharbieh; Abdelrahman I; Abushouk; Dilaram, Acharya; Tim, Adair; Oladimeji M; Adebayo; Zanfina, Ademi; Shailesh M; Advani; Khashayar, Afshari; Ashkan, Afshin; Gina, Agarwal; Pradyumna, Agasthi; Sohail, Ahmad; Sepideh, Ahmadi; Muktar B; Ahmed; Budi, Aji; Yonas, Akalu; Wuraola, Akande-Sholabi; Addis, Aklilu; Chisom J; Akunna; Fares, Alahdab; Ayman, Al-Eyadhy; Khalid F; Alhabib Sheikh; M Alif; Vahid, Alipour; Syed M; Aljunid; François, Alla; Amir, Almasi-Hashiani; Sami, Almustanyir; Rajaa M; Al-Raddadi Adeladza; K Amegah; Saeed, Amini; Arya, Aminorroaya; Hubert, Amu; Dickson A; Amugsi; Robert, Ancuceanu; Deanna, Anderlini; Tudorel, Andrei; Catalina Liliana; Andrei; Alireza, Ansari-Moghaddam; Zelalem A; Anteneh Ippazio; Cosimo Antonazzo; Benny, Antony; Razique, Anwer; Lambert T; Appiah; Jalal, Arabloo; Johan, Ärnlöv; Kurnia D; Artanti; Zerihun, Ataro; Marcel, Ausloos; Leticia, Avila-Burgos; Asma T; Awan Mamaru; A Awoke; Henok T; Ayele Muluken; A Ayza; Samad, Azari; Darshan B; B; Nafiseh, Baheiraei; Atif A; Baig; Ahad, Bakhtiari; Maciej, Banach; Palash C; Banik Emerson; A Baptista; Miguel A; Barboza; Lingkan, Barua; Sanjay, Basu; Neeraj, Bedi; Yannick, Béjot; Derrick A; Bennett Isabela; M Bensenor; Adam E; Berman Yihienew; M Bezabih; Akshaya S; Bhagavathula; Sonu, Bhaskar; Krittika, Bhattacharyya; Ali, Bijani; Boris, Bikbov; Mulugeta M; Birhanu; Archith, Boloor; Luisa C; Brant; Hermann, Brenner; Nikolay I; Briko Zahid; A Butt; Florentino Luciano; Caetano Dos; Santos Leah; E Cahill; Lucero, Cahuana-Hurtado; Luis A; Cámera Ismael; R Campos-Nonato; Carlos, Cantu-Brito; Josip, Car; Juan J; Carrero; Felix, Carvalho; Carlos A; Castañeda-Orjuela; Ferrán, Catalá-López; Ester, Cerin; Jaykaran, Charan; Vijay Kumar; Chattu; Simiao, Chen; Ken L; Chin Jee-Young; J Choi; Dinh-Toi, Chu; Sheng-Chia, Chung; Cirillo, Massimo ;Sean, Coffey; Sara, Conti; Vera M; Costa David; K Cundiff; Omid, Dadras; Baye, Dagnew; Xiaochen, Dai; Albertino A; M Damasceno; Lalit, Dandona; Rakhi, Dandona; Kairat, Davletov; Vanessa De; la Cruz-Góngora; Fernando P; De la; Hoz Jan-Walter; De Neve; Edgar, Denova-Gutiérrez; Meseret Derbew; Molla Behailu; T Derseh; Rupak, Desai; Günther, Deuschl; Samath D; Dharmaratne; Meghnath, Dhimal; Raja Ram; Dhungana; Mostafa, Dianatinasab; Daniel, Diaz; Shirin, Djalalinia; Klara, Dokova; Abdel, Douiri; Bruce B; Duncan Andre; R Duraes; Arielle W; Eagan; Sanam, Ebtehaj; Aziz, Eftekhari; Sahar, Eftekharzadeh; Michael, Ekholuenetale; Nevine El; Nahas Islam; Y Elgendy; Muhammed, Elhadi; Shaimaa I; El-Jaafary; Sadaf, Esteghamati; Atkilt E; Etisso; Oghenowede, Eyawo; Ibtihal, Fadhil; Emerito Jose; A Faraon; Pawan S; Faris; Medhat, Farwati; Farshad, Farzadfar; Eduarda, Fernandes; Carlota Fernandez; Prendes; Pietro, Ferrara; Irina, Filip; Florian, Fischer; David, Flood; Takeshi, Fukumoto; Mohamed M; Gad; Shilpa, Gaidhane; Morsaleh, Ganji; Jalaj, Garg; Abadi K; Gebre Birhan; G Gebregiorgis; Kidane Z; Gebregzabiher Gebreamlak; G Gebremeskel; Lemma, Getacher; Abera Getachew; Obsa; Alireza, Ghajar; Ahmad, Ghashghaee; Nermin, Ghith; Simona, Giampaoli; Syed Amir; Gilani Paramjit; S Gill; Richard F; Gillum Ekaterina; V Glushkova; Elena V; Gnedovskaya; Mahaveer, Golechha; Kebebe B; Gonfa Amir; Hossein Goudarzian; Alessandra C; Goulart Jenny; S Guadamuz; Avirup, Guha; Yuming, Guo; Rajeev, Gupta; Vladimir, Hachinski; Nima, Hafezi-Nejad; Teklehaimanot G; Haile Randah; R Hamadeh; Samer, Hamidi; Graeme J; Hankey; Arief, Hargono; Risky K; Hartono; Maryam, Hashemian; Abdiwahab, Hashi; Shoaib, Hassan; Hamid Y; Hassen Rasmus; J Havmoeller; Simon I; Hay; Khezar, Hayat; Golnaz, Heidari; Claudiu, Herteliu; Ramesh, Holla; Mostafa, Hosseini; Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela, Hostiuc; Sorin, Hostiuc; Mowafa, Househ; Junjie, Huang; Ayesha, Humayun; Ivo, Iavicoli ;Charles U; Ibeneme Segun; E Ibitoye; Olayinka S; Ilesanmi Irena; M Ilic; Milena D; Ilic; Usman, Iqbal; Seyed Sina; N Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed; Shariful Islam; Rakibul M; Islam; Hiroyasu, Iso; Masao, Iwagami; Vardhmaan, Jain; Tahereh, Javaheri; Sathish Kumar; Jayapal; Shubha, Jayaram; Ranil, Jayawardena; Panniyammakal, Jeemon; Ravi P; Jha Jost; B Jonas; Jitendra, Jonnagaddala; Farahnaz, Joukar; Jacek J; Jozwiak; Mikk, Jürisson; Ali, Kabir; Tanvir, Kahlon; Rizwan, Kalani; Rohollah, Kalhor; Ashwin, Kamath; Ibrahim, Kamel; Himal, Kandel; Amit, Kandel; André, Karch; Ayele Semachew; Kasa Patrick; D M; C Katoto; Gbenga A; Kayode Yousef; S Khader; Mohammad, Khammarnia; Muhammad S; Khan Md; Nuruzzaman Khan; Maseer, Khan; Ejaz A; Khan; Khaled, Khatab; Gulam M; A Kibria; Yun Jin; Kim Gyu; Ri Kim; Ruth W; Kimokoti; Sezer, Kisa; Adnan, Kisa; Mika, Kivimäki; Dhaval, Kolte; Ali, Koolivand; Vladimir A; Korshunov Sindhura; Lakshmi Koulmane; Laxminarayana; Ai, Koyanagi; Kewal, Krishan; Vijay, Krishnamoorthy; Barthelemy Kuate; Defo Burcu; Kucuk Bicer; Vaman, Kulkarni; G Anil; Kumar; Nithin, Kumar; Om P; Kurmi; Dian, Kusuma; Gene F; Kwan Carlo; La Vecchia; Ben, Lacey; Tea, Lallukka; Qing, Lan; Savita, Lasrado; Zohra S; Lassi; Paolo, Lauriola; Wayne R; Lawrence; Avula, Laxmaiah; Kate E; LeGrand; Ming-Chieh, Li; Bingyu, Li; Shanshan, Li; Stephen S; Lim; Lee-Ling, Lim; Hualiang, Lin; Ziqiang, Lin; Ro-Ting, Lin; Xuefeng, Liu; Alan D; Lopez; Stefan, Lorkowski; Paulo A; Lotufo; Alessandra, Lugo; Nirmal K; M; Fabiana, Madotto; Morteza, Mahmoudi; Azeem, Majeed; Reza, Malekzadeh; Ahmad A; Malik Abdullah; A Mamun; Navid, Manafi; Mohammad Ali; Mansournia Lorenzo; G Mantovani; 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Chuanhua, Yu; Hasan, Yusefzadeh; Geevar, Zachariah; Sojib Bin; Zaman Muhammed; S Zaman; Maryam, Zamanian; Ramin, Zand; Alireza, Zandifar; Afshin, Zarghi; Mikhail S; Zastrozhin; Anasthasia, Zastrozhina; Zhi-Jiang, Zhang; Yunquan, Zhang; Wangjian, Zhang; Chenwen, Zhong; Zhiyong, Zou; Yves Miel; H Zuniga; Christopher J; L Murray; Valentin, Fuster
2020
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.
Citazione
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study / Roth, Gregory A; Mensah, George A; Johnson, Catherine O; Addolorato, Giovanni; Ammirati, Enrico; Baddour, Larry M; Barengo, Noël C; Beaton, Andrea Z; Benjamin, Emelia J; Benziger, Catherine P; Bonny, Aimé; Brauer, Michael; Brodmann, Marianne; Cahill, Thomas J; Carapetis, Jonathan; Catapano, Alberico L; Chugh, Sumeet S; Cooper, Leslie T; Coresh, Josef; Criqui, Michael; Decleene, Nicole; Eagle, Kim A; Emmons-Bell, Sophia; Feigin, Valery L; Fernández-Solà, Joaquim; Fowkes, Gerry; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Grundy, Scott M; Feng J, He; Howard, George; Frank, Hu; Inker, Lesley; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Koroshetz, Walter; Lavie, Carl; Lloyd-Jones, Donald; Hong S, Lu; Mirijello, Antonio; Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw; Mokdad, Ali; Moran, Andrew E; Muntner, Paul; Narula, Jagat; Neal, Bruce; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Moraes de Oliveira, Glaucia; Otto, Catherine; Owolabi, Mayowa; Pratt, Michael; Rajagopalan, Sanjay; 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Bhaskaran, Unnikrishnan; Muhammad, S; Usman, ; Muthiah, Vaduganathan; Pascual, R; Tommi, Valdez; Vasankari, J; Diana, Z; Velazquez, ; Narayanaswamy, Venketasubramanian; Giang, T; Isidora, Vu; Vujcic, S; Yasir, Waheed; Yanzhong, Wang; Fang, Wang; Jingkai, Wei; Robert, G; Abrha, Weintraub; Weldemariam, H; Ronny, Westerman; Andrea, S; Charles, Winkler; Wiysonge, S; Charles, D; Wolfe, A; Legesse, Befikadu; Wubishet, ; Gelin, Xu; Ali, Yadollahpour; Kazumasa, Yamagishi; Lijing, L; Yan, ; Srikanth, Yandrapalli; Yuichiro, Yano; Hiroshi, Yatsuya; Tomas, Y; Yeheyis, ; Yigizie, Yeshaw; Christopher, S; Yilgwan, ; Naohiro, Yonemoto; Chuanhua, Yu; Hasan, Yusefzadeh; Geevar, Zachariah; Bin, Sojib; Muhammed, Zaman; Zaman, S; Maryam, Zamanian; Ramin, Zand; Alireza, Zandifar; Afshin, Zarghi; Mikhail, S; Zastrozhin, ; Anasthasia, Zastrozhina; Zhi-Jiang, Zhang; Yunquan, Zhang; Wangjian, Zhang; Chenwen, Zhong; Zhiyong, Zou; Miel, Yves; Zuniga, H; Christopher, J; Murray, L; Valentin, Fuster. - In: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY. - ISSN 0735-1097. - 76:25(2020), pp. 2982-3021. [10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010]
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Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione.
