Verifying the Mechanical Performance of Cold and Hot Asphalt Mastics Containing Jet Grouting Waste as a Filler

In the road construction sector, the CO2 emissions that affect global warming are, in most cases, from the asphalt mixtures production activities that are carried out at high temperature (above 160 °C). The research here presented aims to investigate the physical-mechanical properties of asphalt mastics made up using jet grouting waste (JW) as a filler produced through both cold (40–50 °C) and hot mixing process. The first step focused primarily on examining the effects of optimal blending time and curing time of the mastics. The second step focused on the investigation of the rheological properties using a dynamic shear rheometer and carrying out a frequency sweep test at temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 °C with increments of 10 °C, and a multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test under 0.1 and 3.2 kPa load levels at temperatures of 40 and 50 °C. Four cold asphalt mastic solutions were analyzed and then compared to three hot traditional ones, keeping constant, on the one hand, the binder weight and filler over binder weight ratio (0.5), and, on the other hand, changing the type and amount of filler. The compositions of the hot and cold asphalt mastics were as follows: (a) 33% limestone filler (LF) plus 67% bitumen (concerning the cold mixing process, the bitumen content refers to the amount of bitumen into the bitumen emulsion), (b) 33% JW plus 67% bitumen, (c) 16.5% LF plus 16.5% JW and 67% bitumen. The fourth solution designed only for cold asphalt mastic was made up of 33% Portland cement (PC) plus 67% bitumen (referring to the amount of bitumen in the bitumen emulsion). The main findings showed that the optimal performance was achieved at high test temperature by cold and hot asphalt mastics made up adding LF and JW filler, which showed a pronounced elastic behavior. Moreover, the cold asphalt mastic solution made up of LF and JW filler showed better performance than the mastic made up using PC, reaching over 40% increase of the shear modulus and 30% lower non-recoverable creep compliance values at all test temperatures