Computerized cardiotocography in singleton gestations with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study

Objective: To evaluate the use of computerized cardiotocography (C-CTG) in women with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of women with diabetes mellitus referred to University of Naples Federico II from January 2018 to January 2020 for antenatal monitoring. Only women who underwent antenatal monitoring with C-CTG were included in the study. For the purpose of this study only the C-CTG recorded at the time of outpatient admission were analysed. Women were divided into four groups: 1. Women with diabetes mellitus type 1; 2. Women with diabetes mellitus type 2; 3. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); 4. Control group without diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome of the study was the C-CTG short term variability (STV). Results: A total of 298 patients were included in the study, 89 with type 1 diabetes (group 1), 27 with type 2 diabetes (group 2), 77 with GDM (group 3) and 105 controls (group 4). Fetal heart rate was statistically higher in pregnant women with pre-pregnancy diabetes both Type 1 and 2 compared to gestational diabetes and physiological pregnancies. The parameters of STV, APRS and DPRS were statistically lower in the pregnant group with pre-pregnancy type 1 diabetes than in type 2 and compared to group 3 and 4. Conclusions: Fetal heart rate was statistically higher in pregnant women with pre-pregnancy diabetes, both Type 1 and 2, compared to gestational diabetes and controls. STV, APRS and DPRS were statistically lower in the pregnant group with pre-pregnancy type 1 diabetes than in type 2 and compared to group 3 and 4.