La gestione degli edifici strategici in condizioni emergenziali. Rinnovare l’approccio progettuale per le scuole post Covid-19

The recent pandemic from Covid-19 has spread throughout the planet with a speed and propagation that have highlighted the deficiencies of the infrastructure system in terms of lack of logistics, space and functional organization even of those buildings that, for destination and public management, should represent strategic containers to build a rapid and resilient response to this type of events. As a result of the many sectors affected and for which the country has been called to find rapid operational solutions, the elaboration of these provisions has not succeeded in following the rapid evolution of the henomenon, often configuring “frozen” conditions. Following the evaluation of what has been done for the school system in just a year, the need to rethink and adapt school buildings emerges, for a new methodological approach aimed at building an attitude from active to proactive towards the emergency, in this case health. The paper presents the first results of a research in progress at the DICEA of the University of Naples Federico II, aimed at defining a methodology for determining the parameters of new design and adaptation of school buildings in emergency conditions. The study is based on an indepth bibliographical review and regulatory provisions adopted by the affected countries, still in a dynamic evolution, with respect to the modification of teaching and the adaptation of school buildings in conditions that, considering the impossibility of building new schools in a short time, can be divided in: “organizational”, if they concern measures directly applicable to the user; “distributive-functional” if they are obtained by acting on space; “environmental” if they have a impact on the air quality. The critical analysis identifies some of the design parameters for the construction of new high-performance schools also compared to health emergencies and for the redevelopment of existing school buildings in the same perspective.