L’esternalizzazione dei controlli di frontiera e dei diritti dei migranti dell’Unione europea e degli Stati membri nel Mediterraneo

The present contribution aims to examine, without any claim of exhaustiveness, the array of tools that the European Union, on the one hand, and the Member States, on the other, have resorted to in recent years to externalize border controls and migrant rights in the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, it highlights how the flexibility characterizing these measures is suitable for providing an immediate solution to irregular migration flows, but, at the same time, leads to a lowering of the levels of protection of their fundamental rights.