Optimising vertical greening systems for sustainability: an integrated design approach

Various studies have confirmed the implications of Vertical Greening System (VGS) as a nature-based solution to climate change mitigation. Even though VGSs are well established in operational terms, the design framework is still poor at managing social, economic, and environmental performance. This study through comprehensive review of studies and interview in related companies aims to improve the design process of VGS to standardise built operations, with the goal of increasing sustainability and efficiency. This study reviewed the VGS design process across various countries, addressed the main gaps, and proposed a Vertical Greening Integrated System (VGIS) approach. The main gaps identified are a lack of a specific goal for VGS design, an overlooked predesign phase to consider all socio-economic and environmental factors, and a monitoring phase to control VGS performance. The non-academic sector, such as VGS producers, overlooks the crucial role of users and their enhancement of awareness.