Beyond accessibility: universal design for healthy and inclusive public space.

Increasing urbanisation and climate change are critical challenges for cities, with significant negative impacts on social well-being and public health. Urban green spaces play a key role in improving quality of life by providing environmental, social and health benefits. They help mitigate the urban heat island effect, improve stormwater management and air quality, and promote social cohesion and mental well-being. However, it is essential that these spaces are designed with accessibility and inclusivity in mind, paying particular attention to vulnerable groups such as older adults and people with disabilities. Universal design and nature-based solutions are effective approaches to creating resilient and inclusive spaces. Two Italian case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of such interventions in improving climate resilience and urban quality, highlighting the importance of integrated planning.