Can we consider buffalo a non precocious and hypofertile species?

Several authors recorded that buffalo shows delayed first calving age anda long intercalving period. In this lecture are reported some studies which demonstratethat, if the nutritional requirements throughout growing are ensured and the culling rateis reasonable, the first calving age and the intercalving period are similar to those recordedin dairy cattle. It is worth pointing out that these conclusions come from trials performedin farms, where the out of breeding season mating technique is applied, and, hence, thefertility is affected, because mating is limited to 8 months out of 12.