Development of an on-line energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle

The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) seems to be one of the most promising short-term solution to improve the sustainability on the transportation sector. As well-known, the numerical analyses can give a substantial contribute during the preliminary vehicle design. In this context, the development of the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) represents the most challenging task. In this paper, an on-line local optimization EMS for a parallel/series hybrid vehicle is proposed to minimize the CO2 emissions. The proposed EMS, implemented in a dynamic simulation platform, is compared to the well-assessed off-line Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP). Firstly, the main differences regarding the energy management are highlighted in detail. Then, the EMSs are assessed in terms of CO2 emissions, putting into evidence that the proposed on-line strategy involves limited penalizations (3-4%) compared to the PMP target.