Underwater radiated noise from ships-state of the art, regulatory frameworks and measurement results

The noise connected to maritime traffic is one of the most relevant types of emissions related to ships. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) technology has emerged as a promising method to predict detailed noise levels produced by a specific ship even before its construction. To extend the SEA method to predict the vibration and sound radiation of underwater structures, researchers analyze the effect of water loading on the key parameters in SEA and propose the approximate expressions of modal density and mean square velocity of submerged plates. With the radiation efficiency of submerged plates proposed by the researchers, the modified SEA solutions of the radiated sound power and mean square velocity of submerged stiffened rectangular plates are established.